With the advent of inexpensive, high-power telescopes priced at under 250, amateur astronomy is now within the reach of anyone, and this is the ideal book to get you started. Illustrated Guide to Astronomical Wonders From Novice to Master Observer We show that NFIRAOS can achieve more than 70% sky coverage over most of the accessible sky with the requirement of 191 nm total rms wavefront. In this paper, we present an efficient method to compute the sky coverage for the laser guide star multiconjugate adaptive optics system, the Narrow Field Infrared Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS), being designed for the Thirty Meter Telescope project. Knowledge of the sky coverage is also important for astronomers planning their observations. The scientific productivity of laser guide star adaptive optics systems strongly depends on the sky coverage, which describes the probability of finding natural guide stars for the tip/tilt wavefront sensor(s) to achieve a certain performance. Wang, Lianqi Andersen, David Ellerbroek, Brent Sky coverage modeling for the whole sky for laser guide star multiconjugate adaptive optics. All the major types of lunar features are covered, with a variety of sketching te. Sketching the Moon: An Astronomical ArtistГўв‚¬в„ўs Guide, by five of the best lunar observer-artists working today, will guide you along your way and help you to achieve really high-quality sketches. The Moon presents some unique challenges to the astronomer-artist, the Moon being so fond of tricks of the light. Some even sketch because it satisfies their artistic side. Even though we have lots of new imaging technologies nowadays, including astrophotography, most observers still use sketching to keep a record of what they see, make them better observers, and in hopes of perhaps contributing something to the body of scientific knowledge about the Moon. Sketching is a time-honored tradition in amateur astronomy and dates back to the earliest times, when telescopes were invented. Soon after you begin studying the sky through your small telescope or binoculars, you will probably be encouraged by others to make sketches of what you see. Handy, Richard McCague, Thomas Rix, Erika Russell, Sally Sketching the moon an astronomical artist's guide At sites hosting multiple telescopes, laser-collision-prediction tools should also account for the presence of Raman emission from the uplink laser beam These considerations are particularly applicable for the HARMONI optical spectrograph on the upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT. It is thus essential for any optical spectrograph coupled to a LGS system to thoroughly handle the possibility of a Raman spectral contamination via a proper baffling of the instrument and suitable calibrations procedures. Laser-induced Raman scattering, a phenomenon not usually discussed in the astronomical context, is not unique to the observatory of Cerro Paranal, but it is common to any astronomical telescope employing a laser guide star (LGS system. In particular, our observations reveal the characteristic spectral signature of laser photonsГўв‚¬вЂќbut 480Г‚В ГѓвЂ¦ to 2210Г‚В ГѓвЂ¦ redder than the original laser wavelength of 5889.959Г‚В ГѓвЂ¦Гўв‚¬вЂќlanding on the 8.2-m primary mirror of UT4 after being Raman-scattered on their way up to the sodium layer. We report the first detection of laser-induced Raman scattering by N_ molecules in the atmosphere above the astronomical observatory of Cerro Paranal. We use the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE optical integral field spectrograph mounted on the Nasmyth B focus of UT4 to acquire spectra at a resolution of RГўвЂ°вЂ¦3000 of the uplink laser beams over the wavelength range of 4750Г‚В ГѓвЂ¦Гўв‚¬вЂњ9350Г‚В ГѓвЂ¦. Following the recent commissioning of the 4 Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF on Unit Telescope 4 (UT4 of the Very Large Telescope (VLT, we characterize the spectral signature of the uplink beams from the 22-W lasers to assess the impact of laser scattering from the 4LGSF on science observations. Detection and Implications of Laser-Induced Raman Scattering at Astronomical ObservatoriesДirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)ДЇull Text Available Laser guide stars employed at astronomical observatories provide artificial wavefront reference sources to help correct (in part the impact of atmospheric turbulence on astrophysical observations.

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